The African Tour
Aviation research: efficiency battle between historic aircraft

by
Geert Rolf and Ron Blehm

The US Department of Economics (DoE) and the European Union Commitee for Transport have funded a joint Aviation Research Program about efficiency. Efficiency, being a hot issue, is all about time and fuel. The project proposal contains research after modern and past jetliners with respect to their overall operational performance. This part of the research program is about medium range historic jets.

In order to keep costs of this research program low and to benefit from experience obtained by existing airline operators, the program has invited a number of airlines operating old jets to participate in the program.

After a selection of candidates the offers made by Aserca Airlines of Venezuela and Transavia Airlines of The Netherlands have been accepted and contracts have been signed two month ago.

The program commitee has plotted a four leg flight across the African Continent. Starting in Cairo, Egypt the journey will take us to Cape Town in South Africa. Ron Blehm will fly a McDonnell-Douglas DC-9-31and Geert Rolf will compete in a Boeing 737-200. This document will describe all that happened on the way.

The DC-9-31 and the Boeing 737-200 are both fitted with the same type of turbojet engines, both originate from mid 60s. What can science learn from history?

Files for download

  • B732 base package KLM leased by Transavia : fx732klm.zip
  • B732 add on to previous: Transavia in orginal colors: f732hv1.zip
  • Aserca Airlines McDonnell-Douglas DC-9-31 : oca705.zip
  • Add on scenery for Victoria Falls and the Zambizi river:vicfalls.zip
  • Tropical hot and humid weather theme: hothumid.zip

All files are available from www.flightsim.com.

The complete flightplan for the African Tour looks as:
   

leg from to distance EET flightplan
1 Cairo, Egypt (heca) Bole Int., Addis Abeba, Ethiopia (haab) 1411 nm 4:10 hrs heca-haab.PLN
2 Bole Int., Addis Abeba, Ethiopia (haab) Goma Int., Congo (fzna) 905 nm 2:40 hrs haab-fzna.PLN
3 Goma Int., Congo (fzna) Livingstone, Zambia (flli) 1070 nm 3:15 hrs fzna-flli.PLN
4 Livingstone, Zambia (flli) Cape Town Int., South Africa (fact) 1198 nm 3:30 hrs flli-fact.PLN

Pilots should check the desired FlightLevel before engaging any flightplan.
 
 


The Numbers that count!

Geert Rolf: The 737-200 is my favourite aircraft. I like it's shape very much. Memories go back to the early 70s. Once spotting planes on Schiphol, I saw a Lufthansa CityJet (737). They unfolded the frontdoor stairs unpatiently waiting for the gate to be connected. It must have been a model -100: very short, but full-width body (early 70s!). For obvious reasons it was nicknamed "fluf-fy" at Boeing: fat little ugly fellow.

I never digged into its fuel consumption and with the research program ahead I made a test flight from Amsterdam to Dublin. To avoid attention, I used the Ryanair livery.

It takes 2500 lbs from ground to FL370 and flying at .70 Mach burns 2200 lbs per hour. Amsterdam-Dublin (425nm) took 4993 lbs of fuel and 1:42 hours from gate to gate.

These figures will be the base for my fuel calculations for the African Tour.


Ron Blehm on his choice of historic jet: Job one was to find an airframe. Geert had dibs on the 732 so I was in the market for something close to those specs. (See table --->)

Finally I decided on the DC-9 in Aserca Airlines livery. While there are other DC-9s on the web I chose this one for my old friend Alejandro in Venezuela.

Apparently I've been flying too many modern airliners because my first impression of the DC-9 was that it flies a bit anemic. After some flight testing around Cairo, Greece and New Guinea, I was ready to head out on our Head-to-Head adventure.

 
brand and type Boeing 737-200 McDonnell-Douglas DC9-31
wingspan 93 ft 93 ft 5 in
length 100 ft 2 in 119 ft 4 in
tail 37 ft 27 ft 6 in
range ~ 2,300 nm ~ 1,670 nm
empty weight 60,600 lbs 57,190 lbs
MTOW 115,500 lbs 121,000 lbs
engine type 2x P&W JT8D-15A 2x P&W JT8D-15
thrust 2x 16,000 lbs 2x 15,500 lbs
max fuel load 5,160 gal / 34,550 lbs 3,680 gal / 24,638 lbs
service ceiling FL 370 FL 370
cruise speed 0.73 Mach 0.73 Mach
# pax in high density config 136 115
first flight prototype August 8, 1967 February 25, 1965
serial cn 22025 cn 45867
date of first flight March 4, 1980 March, 1968
registration PH-TVR YV-705C
country The Netherlands Venezuela
operator Transavia Airlines Aserca Airlines
captain G.Rolf R. Blehm

Rules and Regulations
  1. While airborne it is is not allowed to make contact with air tankers and refuel in air. This is strictly forbidden even for U.S. taxpayers.
  2. As of December 2005, participants in Air Events, such as racing, are obliged to insure their aircraft, pax and payload properly for the event of disaster.
  3. There is a penalty of $1,000,000 per dead animal on accidents with wildlife on or near the airfields. Penalties should be paid to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
  4. Engine startup at 10 am local time at the airport of departure. Fly one leg per working day. Report the amount of fuel loaded.
  5. Choose "Hot and Humid" weather theme.
  6. Using the FlightPlans issued on this site.
  7. Airspeed below FL100 is 250 KIAS max.
  8. Reports with screenshots and/or movies to include time and fuel burn data.

The Lutine Bell, LoL.

Leg 1: Cairo to Addis Abeba
Pilot reports (leg 1)
Captain Ron Blehm: (Departing gate A-10.) My calculations from flight testing said that I needed 24,500 pounds of fuel to make the 1,400 mile flight to Addis, so loaded full tanks with 24,634 pounds of gas. As directed, I shut the doors and requested pushback at 10:00 local time on a warm and breezy day. (I had added some surface winds out of 020). ATC directed me out to runway 5R but I was having trouble getting number two to stay lit. Finally I was ready to go: Our routing this morning picks up an outbound radial from the CVO VOR taking us onto the A727 jetway. (A727 > A451 > UA451 > W887) Since I'm departing north and flying south I won't mind making the big turn to cross back over the VOR before being cleared to "fly as filed."

My filed plan has me cruising at 35,000 feet and immediately upon reaching cruise I compare my fuel burn with my calculations. I had been figuring 4,300 pounds per hour and was showing an actual burn rate of around 5,500 pounds per hour, leaving me short. But, this 5,500 pounds included my time on the ground, my climb and my 10 miles of flying north before turning back to the VOR.

Addis, in central Ethiopia, sits at 7,626 feet ASL and with mid-day temps above 25*C this density altitude could be our first big challenge. I roughly follow the mighty Nile river south through the heart of Egypt crossing Luxor and Aswan along the way. Finally, with fuel in the tanks and 83 miles to go ATC directed me to prepare for approach from the east. After descending to 12,000 feet I turned downwind and a long base before setting up to hand-fly the ILS into runway 25R. VOR is 112.90 ILS is 110.30 @ 254* After a smooth landing, a bit long, ground directed me to Gate 6 where I shut down at 14:00:03. I still had 4,258+ pounds of fuel. Reworking the math now I calculated 5,094 pounds per hour through all stages of the flight. Also, this calculated down to 352 mph for the whole flight including taxi time. This would be the basis for my future calculations - but first, we shop for some family souvenirs.

Statistics: 4 hours spot-on, I shut down at 14:00:03 at gate 6 at Bole International. Speed was MACH 0.77 at FL350. Total Burn was 20,375.4 pounds. Average burn was 5,094 pounds per hour.

Captain Geert Rolf: I could not order "Hot and humid" weather, so I called for "real weather, updated every 15 minutes". I had the luck to get RW16 assigned as runway for take-off. It took about 12 minutes to get there, but was more efficient as we were southbound. The B777 lined up behind us, did the leap to Cape Town in one leg, but we went to the first stop in Addis Abeba.

I climbed out to FL370 in little over 20 minutes and burned the first 2800 lbs of fuel including the long taxi. We were cruising .73 Mach when we reached SEMRU waypoint.

Time to look around and relax. There were no other aircraft in the area and there was very little radio com on the way. The dessert seems endless. We had the Red Sea at the left hand and after Luxor and Aswan the surface changed. The green forests and the mountains of the African mainland appeared below us.

Between waypoints BD49 and BD we crossed Lake Tana in the middle of Ethiopia. More lakes to come on our tour to the Cape!

I had just calculated that we should descend 120nm from Bole Int. when the ATC came in on the radio to order our descent. We got a closer look of the beautiful African landscape when coming down.

We were assigned RW 25R and touched down after a smooth final approach. I flew the last 600 feet by hand. It was 13:27 when I parked near the Aserca DC-9 and powered down the engines. Time for a break. After finishing the post flight checklist we went to the shopping Mall of Addis Abeba to find our collegues of the DC-9 and join them for a drink.

Statistics: arrival 13:27, flightime less than 3.5 hours. Fuel burned: 10315 lbs, at FL370 and Mach 0.73. Average of 2990 lbs/hour. Average speed 409 nm/hour. Loaded 21344 lbs of fuel in Cairo, still 11029 lbs left.

Pictures (leg 1)
Picture 5a: DC-9 on final into Bole Int, Addis Abeba
Picture 5b: DC-9 a long rollout at RW 25R, Bole Int.
Both aircraft parked at Bole Int.

Movies (leg 1)

Download the movies, do not run them directly. Use the right-mouse-button menu and "Save as...".

Files for download (takes 3MB/minute)
DC-9 approach and final into Bole Int., RW25R (Addis Abeba, Ethiopia). 7.0 MB: rb-dc9-addis-arvl.wmv
B732 startup, taxi and take-off Cairo Int., Egypt. 6.6 MB: gr-cairo-dept-mq.mpg
B732 in air over Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia. 17 MB: gr-heca-haab-inair-mq.mpg
B732 descent, approach, landing and taxi Bole Int., Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. 8.4 MB: gr-haab-arvl-mq.mpg

Leg 2: Addis Abeba to Goma (formerly Zaire)
NOTAMS

NOTAM: We recommend that you land on 36
(fly a VOR/DME step-down over Lake Kivu) 
until you get to know the area better!  
There are mountains to the north.

ATIS:   None
Tower:  118.70
Approach:       ***.***
Lat:    S1°40' 00"
Long:   E29°14' 00"

Elev:   5088 feet

VOR: 116.50     (GOM)
NDB just South: 397

Runway  Length  ID              ILS
18      9843    **              ***
36      9843    **              ***

Pilot reports (leg 2)
Report from cpt Ron: Okay, back to the math: 5,100 pounds per hour at 350 mph. The flightplan to Goma shows 905 miles which comes out to something in the neighborhood of the following:


905 miles at 350 mph rounds out to 2.6 hours
2.6 hours at 5,100 pounds per hour is 13,260 pounds
Adding 30 mins plus 5% of the total comes out to 16,120 pounds all told

Next day, with my 16,156 pounds of gas loaded, I fire up the engines and request pushback at 10:01 AM local time. I taxi back out to runway 25R where I am quickly cleared for take-off. I rotate off easily (picture 6) and once cleared to Center I turn left to pick up my route south. Considering the numbers from last time I set my cruise altitude for FL370 this time with a modest climb of 1,000 fpm - reaching cruise altitude at the LOV VOR. (picture 7) Speaking of routing, this time we fly jetway UA408 all the way to Kigali, Rwanda before turning briefly onto UB531 to Goma. I cross the Goma VOR at 21,000 feet and take a long, scenic downwind along the western shores of Lake Kivu before turning back onto the 360 radial inbound the Goma VOR (112.60). (picture 8) I shut down on the ramp across from the little terminal at 11:48 local time (picture 9) with the resulting numbers for the flight:


Flight time = 2.76 hours
Fuel Burn = 14,903 pounds or 5,400 pounds per hour.
Time / Ground Speed = 328

Report from cpt Geert: Last weekend Boeing technicians have flown to Bole Int. Airport, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia to field-upgrade the fuel system of a Boeing 737-200 Adv. Before this FCO the indicated fuel burn was 1/2 the reality. B732s without the patch could easily apply for an ETOPS certificate! We now have three tanks in accordance with the specs and fuel burn has been doubled also from an estimate in the specs. If you fly the FFX/SGA B732, find the updated aircraft.cfg here. It's ready for the 5 liveries of cn22025 (f732*.zip and fx732klm.zip), adapt it for others.

For the trip to Goma we loaded 18225 lbs of fuel. We powered up the engines at 10:00 sharp. Our assigned runway is 25R, but it beats me why the (MS) Tower directed us to the wrong end. We had to backtrack the runway. We reached FL370 by 10:24 with still 16NM to go to BENDO waypoint. Twelve minutes later we established the cruise speed of .73 Mach with 25 nm ahead to ETGOM waypoint. Fuel left in the tanks: 13814 lbs.

The hot and humid weather blocked a clear view of the ground surface every now and then. Fortunately we didn't miss the beautiful lakes on our way. I don't know if the naming is accurate, as I use old maps. We first passed Lake Rudolf, south-west of Addis Abeba and the very big lake is Victoria Lake, east of Goma. The approach to Goma unvealed Lake Kiwoe or Kivu.

Near NN waypoint the wingtanks got empty and only the centre tank was in operation. After passing ALTIN waypoint at 11:54 we were directed to lower altitute and different heading. Descent had started and we made a visual approach and a soft touch-down at Goma Int. Airport.

Statistics: 4669 Lbs of fuel left after powering down the engines at 12:24 hrs. Total fuel burn 13556 pounds. Average 5648 lbs/hr fuel burned and speed 378 nm/hr.

Pictures (leg 2)
Picture 6: DC-9 departing Bole Int, Addis Abeba
Picture 7: DC-9 enroute to Goma DRC Boeing 737 parked at Goma Int. Airport
Picture 8: DC-9 approach and final Goma Int. Airport
Picture 9: DC-9 parking ramp, Lake Kivu in the background.

Movies (leg 2)

Files for download (takes 3MB/minute)
DC-9 departing Bole Int., Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. 2.8 MB: rb-dc9-dept-haab.wmv
DC-9 arrival at Goma Int., Goma, DRC. 2.0 MB: rb-dc9-arvl-fzna.wmv
B732 departing Bole Int., Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. 8.3 MB: gr-haab-dept-mq.mpg
B732 on its way enroute to Goma. 6.8 MB: gr-haab-fzna-inair-mq.mpg
B732 descent, approach and final into Goma Int. Airport. 13.3 MB: gr-fzna-arvl-mq.mpg

Leg 3: Goma to Livingstone
First of all, some history.

Dr David Livingstone, who discovered Lake Victoria, went missing on an expedition to find/discover Lake Tanganyi in 1869. Some expedition members returned and even talked about a murder...
Stanley (left) "Dr Livingstone, I presume?"
Livingstone (right) "Yes."
Ujiji, Tanzania, November 10, 1871.
Funded by The New York Herald, Henry Morton Stanley, a 30 year old journalist from London took the challenge to search for Dr Livingstone. Stanley travelled to the heart of the African mainland on an expedition and finally managed to find Livingstone.

Pilot reports (leg 3)

Report from cpt Ron: The math:
  • 1150 miles
  • GS = 340 mph
  • Time = 3.4 hours
  • Burn = 5,300 pounds/hour
  • Total Needed = 18,020 pounds
  • Plus 30 mins = 2,700 pounds comes to 21,000 pounds
  • Leg 3: Goma to Livingstone.Plus 5% = 1,100 comes to 22,100 pounds total in the tanks for departure.

We all know that pilots are supposed to check these things very carefully, triple check the numbers (and while you are doing that, do a web search for the "Gimly Glider 767"). So now, follow carefully: Total capacity is 24,664 pounds and some change. So I need to loose 2,500 pounds. Since each wing tank holds about 8,000 pounds, then I need to put 35% in each one, right? 2,500 is 35% (or so) of 8,000 so I load up 35-99-35 and I'm ready for departure from Goma.

Job one is to ignore ground's direction and taxi out to runway 18 rather than 36. Departure is uneventful and I climb out over Lake Kivu to FL 330 setting MACH at 0.76 for the cruise over Bujumbura and Lubumbashi down to Livingstone, Zambia on the banks of the mighty Zambezi River. VOR at Livingstone is 112.50 and just about 2.8 hours later (obviously I had good ground speed) I started my descent. I overflew the VOR on a heading of about 210* taking my DME out to 25 miles, then turning south, I approached the VOR on the 360 radial inbound - so that I could fly right over Victoria Falls. Once past the falls I D/C the autopilot and turned right for downwind to runway 28.

I hand flew a short 5 mile downwind before making a hard left turn directly onto finals (ahead of a 737 who was still 10 miles out!) Landing was NIIIIIIICE and smooth.I popped up the spoilers and took my own sweet time pulling in a little reverse thrust to slow down to taxi speed. As I stowed the clamshells and spoilers I heard the engines making a looooong, drawn-out whining sound. A quick check of the engine status panel showed that I had no engines running. A quick fuel check showed that I had no gas in any of my tanks. "Orbit 737 Livingstone, go around!" "Going around, Orbit 737". So, why don't you go back over my numbers and see what I did wrong!

My final calculations showed that I burned 14,567 pounds of fuel in my 3.2 hour flight. This is 4,590 pounds per hour with a ground speed of 368 nmph. I'll factor that in for next time!

Report from cpt Geert: I put 22113 lbs of fuel in the tanks. I need more fuel than the DC-9, but I get there in shorter time. As time = money, we'll see who wins the first price...

We started the engines at 10 O'Clock and taxied to RW36. Made a nice turn over Goma city and headed for Lake Kivu. This was the second attempt to get to Livingstone (out of fuel on a forced go-around) and I was 5 minutes behind when passing BJA waypoint. Time for some tryouts: Mach .70 gives us a groudspeed of around 400 knots. The specified cruising speed of Mach .73 gives 425 knots. Going faster gives little more groundspeed against lots of more fuel burn. So we maintained Mach .73. By the time we passed VLS waypoint we were 1 minute ahead of the schedule of our previous flight.

Enroute to Livingstone gives a nice view on the African mainland. We passed Lake Tanganjika, Dr Livingstone could have discovered it quicky if he had an aircraft and Lake Tanganjika would have been named e.g. Lake Edward if he did. (I'm not sure he didn't discover it in the end, but expect another name if he did). Smaller lakes, like Lake Mweru follow on the way to Livingstone.

When we were ordered to descent we knew there was an aircraft ahead. So I dropped speed to avoid a goaround. However on final for RW28 we passed the DH-8 which was ahead of us.

Air Traffic Controllers find it difficult to separate slow from fast traffic, but they even didn't warn for the close DH-8. We were lucky it was painted in bright colors and we noticed it in time. Scarry moments, but we landed safely.

When I powered down the engines and opened the doors, we still had 6228 lbs of fuel left. Time was 12:52. That's within 3 hours! We burned a total of 15885 lbs of fuel. Average fuel burn was 5541 lbs and average speed was 374 nm/hour.

Time to prepare for the final leg to the Cape!. And time to relax and enjoy visiting Africa. We hired a Bell Jetranger for our site-seeing of Victoria Falls. Amazing view of the area!

Pictures (leg 3)

Picture 11: DC-9 approach to Livingstone over Victoria Falls.
Picture 12: Site-seeing Victoria Falls.

Movies (leg 3)

 

Files for download (takes 3MB/minute)
DC-9 departing Goma DRC and enroute to Livingstone. 5.5 MB: rb-dc9-goma-lvgstn.wmv
DC-9 Approach and landing at Livingstone, Zaire. 7.8 MB: rb-dc9-flli-arvl.wmv
Site-seeing Victoria Falls. 13.9 MB: rb-siteseeing-vicfalls.wmv
B732 Departing Goma, heading for Lake Kivu. 3.9 MB: gr-fzna-dept-mq.mpg
B732 enroute to Livingstone. 19.6 MB: gr-fzna-flli-inair-mq.mpg
B732 approach and final into Livingstone RW28. 13.8 MB: gr-flli-arvl-mq.mpg


Leg 4: Livingstone to Cape Town
First of all, some language.

Is Vliegtuie Gevaarlik?
(sa)

Ons het Buccaneers en Mirages vir jare lank teen 600 Knope gevlieg tussen 30'-50' bo die grond en ook dit was nie gevaarlik nie.

Wat wel gevaarlik is, en my verskriklik bang maak, is nalatige tegnici.

Zijn Vliegtuigen Gevaarlijk?
(nl)

Ik heb Buccaneers en Mirages vier jaar lang tot 600 Knopen tussen 30'-50' boven de grond gevlogen en dat was ook niet gevaarlijk.

Wat wel gevaarlijk is en mij verschrikkelijk bang maakt, zijn nalatige technici.

Are Aircraft Dangerous?
(uk)

I have flown Buccaneers and Mirages for four years upto 600 Kts and between 30'-50' above the ground and that wasn't dangerous too.

What is dangerous though and frightens me very hard, are reluctant technicians.

Yes, Dutch and South African language are very similar. Both languages have evolved independently but still have a similar "look and feel". For centuries the Dutch have sailed the world and used the Cape as a colony. Among others they left their spoken language.

The sample sentences were taken from an article by Andries Marais in "The Joystick" (vol 10, issue 3) newsletter of the South African Power Flying Association (sapfa).

Pilot reports (leg 4)
Report from cpt Ron: Distance = 1200 miles So if I only need to load 50 miles more gas than I just had, 15,000 pounds should do it, right?

Burn Rate looks like we could come down a bit, we'll call it 5,200 pounds per hour GS looks like we could increase that a bit to 350 mph Time to destination = Call it 3.5 hours Total fuel needed = 18,200 pounds (watch this number carefully folks) Alternate is like, Port Elizabeth so I'm gonna load an extra hour of gas, rounded up to 23,200.

This time I take 500 pounds out of EACH wing because there are actually TWO wings.and I only need to loose about 1,000 pounds total. Then I fire up the engines at 09:59 and request taxi back out to runway 28. I hand flew the left turn over the falls expecting to pick up my route south from there but my first waypoint is the Livingstone VOR and once I select GPS-mode with AP NAV the plane turns back north to pick up the VOR - there goes my burn rate right out the door!

Finally through 15,000 feet I'm on route for South Africa. The flight itself was calm, smooth and quiet, little traffic down south here and 3 hours later I begin my descent without Fighter escort. As I'm coming in over Sommerset West I encounter my first traffic, a 777 on finals. ATC takes me on a long downwind out over Shark Bay before turning back for runway 1. I fly the ILS due to some low-lying haze but turn off Otto at about 6 miles DME hand-flying the landing.

Shut down at the gate is at 13:21 after 3.3 hours. This gives me 363 mph average speed. I have 5,812 pounds of gas left meaning that I burned 17,388. (see, loading 18,200 would have been perfect!)

For the head-to-head then, here are my numbers from Cairo to Cape Town:
Total Hours = 13.26
Average Speed = 352.75
Total Fuel Used = 67,234
Average Fuel Burn = 5070 pounds per hour

Report from cpt Geert: Engines were started with 24338 lbs of fuel in the tanks. I must admit to be at the safe side, after the first flight to Livingstone. This leg is about 1200 nm, estimated for a duration of 3.5 hours. I do most of my flights in one piece, so it took a while to find a suitable timeslot.

Around 10:29 we reached FL370 and four minutes later we flew at .73 Mach. The lakes on the way were less impressive than the ones we've seen before. It appears we entered dryer parts of Africa.

Not far from ANVIS waypoint we got escorted by an old F4 Phantom. When you first notice a figher at your wing, you quickly check your transponder code and other possible reason why the Air Force has scrambled and hunted your airplane. Later we heard the F-4 came from Langebaanweg AB and the interception was intended as a welcome to the final leg in the race.

About 120 nm from Cape Town we were ordered to descent and we approached Cape Town airport over the water on final for Runway 1. After a 3 hours 19 minutes flight the Boeing gently touched down on the runway. Fuel left: 6014 lbs, so we burned: 18324 lbs. That's 5525 lbs/hr with average speed of 361 nm/hr.

Time for some sight seeing the cape, where centuries in the past Dutch tall ships made a break on their long journeys. The DC-9 has arrived as well and they did a faster final leg. The fuel burn of the DC-9 comes closer to that of the B732 when flying faster. No surprise as the engines are of similar type and power.

From Addis Abeba to Cape Town, leaving the leg 1 numbers out:
Distance: 3175.6 nm
Flight time: 8:35
Total fuel burned: 47765 lbs
Average per hour: 5565 lbs/hr
Average per nm: 15.04 lbs/nm
Average speed: 370 nm/hr

Pictures (leg 4)
Picture 11b: ATC takes me on a long downwind out over Shark Bay before turning back for runway 1.
Picture 12b: about 6 miles DME hand-flying the landing.
Picture 13: Cape Town, the DC-9 has landed!
The Cape in real life.
Touring the Cape in a Bell JetRanger
Touring the Cape.

Movies (leg 4)

Files for download (takes 3MB/minute)
DC-9 Departing Livingstone, heading for Cape Town. 4.8 MB: rb-dc9-lvgstn-dept.wmv
DC-9 approach, final and landing in Cape Town 19.4 MB: rb-fact-arvl.wmv
B732 Departing Livingstone 3.6 MB: gr-flli-dept.wmv
The Boeing enroute to Cape Town. Bonus: footage of interception by F-4 fighter. 11.7 MB: gr-flli-fact-inair.wmv
Arrival of the Boeing at Cape Town. 6.7 MB: gr-fact-arvl.wmv

The Conclusions

(RB:) Well, it looks like Geert and I have finished all our calculations and have reached some conclusions about what flies more efficiently, the DC-9 or the B732:

Ron (DC-9) Geert (B732)
Average Ground Speed 353 Knots 370 Knots
Total fuel burn 5070 lbs/hour 5565 lbs/hour
Fuel economy 14.67 lbs/mile 15.04 lbs/mile
Total economy 0.1275 lbs/mile/seat 0.1106 lbs/mile/seat

(RB:) Question is, if I sped up would the numbers match?

(GR:) Well, the numbers come closer as we have seen in Leg 4. If somebody told me a DC-9 burns less fuel than a B732 flying same weather and speed I would believe it. The B732 is larger from aerodynamics point of view.

(RB:) Too bad these numbers can't be used in other flight models - as you found out- designers can really mess things up sometimes.


Last updated: April, 14 2006.
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